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Andersonville Prison and National Cemetery, 
And'ersonville, Georgia. 



Rcmiilx Inuring; ilic ^ciutlicni ^i.iu-^. m; i _' I ij I ■;, lia\iii!^ visited 
\ 1/ : l\t.-iUiiok\ . l\-iiiR-s^cc. M i^^is-^ijipi. Alaliania. (Iim iryia and 
Lciuisiai.a. \ttci- sliid\in^ ilu' scniiniciu of an (ir;;ani/al ion. the 
"I'liited I )auj;htLT-- of the ( 'oiifederae\ ." inunlKTiiiL; alimit 40. (tot) 
w inien who lia\e or_L;anizeil an aL;i;ia'ssi\e. eonnt r\ w ide ^oeieiw 
I. lie olijeet ha> lieen to ereet a niomnnent at Andersomdle to the 
meinor\ of ('aptam llenn W iiv to eido^i/e and \ni(hrate hi~. roii- 
dnc't of thai notorious ]in--oii. wuli its false iiism])! loiis, tennin^ii- 
Inin a martyr, has )iroin|ite<l lis to pulihsh this alhuin of \ lew s taken 
l>y tlie author, a |irofessioual |>hoio- rapher, ha\in- made a si)ecial 
trip for the ])urpose of puhlishiiiL; this notorious stock-ade prison: 
also the national eenn-tery just north of it. where arc Imru'd tlie 
\ictims of In, unwarranted eruellw and liis superiors, Jefferson 
haxts. el ah tjnotalious from his offuaal trial, also ilata, deserip- 
Ina' .iikI histoiieal. Leathered from m.arkt'rs. nionnmenis. memorials, 
and leeords erected ihere. also pai'ts of the e\ idenei- at \\ ir/' trial 
at W ashinL;ton. I ). ( '. |]\- a miliiar\- eomimssKm of which ( leueral 
X. I'. ('lii]Hnaii, I'hief \d\(ic.iie ( .eiu-ral. now of ."Sacramento, {';di 
lorma, in his "Tr.a-edy of \ ndersou ville" is (|noled 1]\' his perinis- 
sioii, also (|uotation from "M'rison Life m Amlersom die" li\- Rew 

John I.. Made, (. 'on- re-at lon.il minister, now ..f l.os \n,L;eles, I'.ahforma. who was a prisoner there 

when I'laivKlence Spring- Inirsl forth. 

oopvKii nrna ) mi:; 
i:>- .r w. ki>.\i;to.\. .\iii,,ia. .\ ■i.i-. 

.\ll Itinllt.s 1!,S.T\,.,1. 



Ceneral WniKun Kctchani statcM -l ui-Mte to M,ss Al.cc Haxtor. secretary ul the L uite.l 
])-ui..hter. of the Cunfclei acv to know what the fact was as to their nUent.on to erect a m<nmnient 
to the nieniorv of Captam W i.v. at An.lerso.u .ne,( la., an.l I liave her letter liere as tolh.ws : 

-KeulvHi.^- to vour letter I take pleasure ,n sen.lin- y,.u the ench.se.l article with reterence to 

the hu.iain..- ,^- a m.-nuiuent, llie step, that are hem- made an.l the papers that are hem- wrUten m 

the puhhc schools, tellm- l.ow atrocions was the omdnct of the Tnion officials, and how humane 

and pist was the con.luci of the Confederate officials. 1 'lease return NNhen von are throti^h \\ e 

,,rop",.set.. erect a monnmem to Captain Wir/m a spirit of e. put v, 1 .el, ev,n- lliat the world should 

know that the C, .nfederacv's treatment ,.f pris oners of war was conducted on humane prmcpes. 

I u,,te vou are a lawyer; perhaps if von sln.ly l.oth sides , ,f this .|uesii.,ii von will come to see that 

there are tw., sides' to the >iu,^iu>u. We were much pleascl with Corporal Tanner when he was 

south We do not desire to slir up hitterness, hut we are unwillm- for the soiitl, to remain under 

■- , ' ,. , \IJCI-, 1'. W l"l''l\." 

talse char-es. Smcereis' \'ours, 

CJnuel Chandler made a rej.ort on An-ust ;, iX(>4. as foll.iws: 

Mv dutv re,|uires me res,,eclfull v to recommen.l a clian-e m the oflicer m couiman.l ot the post' 
r,ri<-i.her (.eneral 1 11. W mder, and the snhstitntiou m his place of some one uho unites l.oth 

,.,ier..v and •■- 1 lud-menl u itli some feelm- , ,f h umanit v and consideration lor the welfare and 

cnitTrt .s,,far as iscousisteiu uith their safed<ee i.m- ) of the vast nnmher ot uulortunates placed 
under h,s control; s,,ine one win. u ill at least not advocate dehl.erately and m cold hh.od the pro- 
priety of leavin..- them lu their present condition until their nnmher has heeii sutticienllv reduced hy 
,le;,th t.. make the present inan;,-einem suffice for their accomm, Mlalioii ; who will not consider it a 
n,;,tter of selfd:,udat,. -n ;nid l.oastin- ih;it he has never l.een mside of the s,, ,ckade, ;M.lace the hor- 
r,,rs ,,f uhich It IS difficult to descrihe. ;,nd uhich ,s a dis-race t. , ci vili/a. loii ; the condition ot which 
lie mi-ht, hv the exercise of ;i hltle jnd-menl, even with the limited means at his coium;ind, have 

considerahU impro\eil. . , , ,- i -e 

hi. ,l,edience to instructions 1 slrall n. ,w pr, ,cee .1 t,, the hea.hp.arters ..I the .\rmv ..I the I enn- 
cssee, an.l re.|nest that anv c .minissi. ,us f. ,r me he f. .rwimlcl there to the .-are ..I the chiet of statt. 
1 am C..l..nel, vers' respect lulK, N-.nr ..he.lient servant, I'- I- * 1 1 A .\ I ) LI'. K. 

col K II ( ||li;r( )\, (■. S. .\., Kichm.ai.l, Xn-ima. 

\ssistant Adjutant ami Inspect, m- Ceueral. ,\ssistaul .\.l,ntaiU an.l Inspect. .r (.eueral. 



/CI.A3G20'.'0 




STOCKADE 1864 FROM N. E. CORNER McElroy 

Total numhcT ..f pns.nKTs cnnfmcl 3J,U3- '''■'■m jiiii>-' .\> l" ''cIoIht 31 tluTc were 10.1X7 
deaths an avcra-c of OIK' <le,itli tor c\erv _'_■'_■ 1111 mites n!-lit and (lay. .\i tl:e end of .\n,^ust, 
lS')4 there were ^i.dv,:; pris-niers and .vd;*. or 10,, per day died. "Ilov. nianx more died here iiiav 
iiexer lie disclosed to mortal man, their hones he under the soil in all parts (,f the:^e -rounds.." Toial 
buried m the cenieterv i,v7'^,v 






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Inscriptions. 

In im-iiKiry nf Captain I U-in-y W irz 
C. S. A. 

Hum ni Znncli, S\\ it/ci"lanil, |S_>2. 

Scntcnrrd to death 
And exrcnti'd at W a-.InnL;l( m. I). C. 

Xm\. in, |,X(i;. 

'Id rc-^cnc lll^ name fiami the stii^ma 

Attaclicd to It 1)\ cnd)itterrd prejudice' 

Tlii^ ^Jiaft 1^ i.Tc-cicd li\- 

I lu- ( .ci]i-|^ia I )i\ isidii 

I'nitc-d I )aii,L;lur)-s cif the I niu'ciK'racv. 



W hen time ^Iiall \\:i\v softent'd 

l'a>^i()n and prcjndn-i.'. 

\\ hen reason shall lia\e stn])ped the 

.Mask Iniin nn>repre>entat ion. 

Then jnstiee lioldni- e\enl\ lier sealos, 

\\ dl re(|infe nnieh of |)ast eeiisni'e 

And pi-aise to ehan,i;e ]ilace,s. 

lel'ler.son l)a\is, iSNS. 



WIRZ MONUMENT AND OFFICE, 
ANDERSONVILLE STATION. 




Corporal G. H. Matthew; 

(',,. II. nil I'.-nii. 
Krui.i :i iihcl.. lakrn afle 
Ills arrival at Anrai.nli; 



Corporal Calvin Bates 

<%i, I-;, -iitli MaiiiH. 
•,.,ni a iilii.t.i taken after 
is anival at Annapolis. 



.\ni1)r(ise Siieiicer, C. S. A. testified: "I saw \\ . S. W indei- at the time lie was layiii;^ out the 
prisdii and I asked him if he was L^niiii;- tn erect liarraeks i<v sludter of ane kiml. He rejdied that he 
was iKit, tliat llie (hamiied ^■ankees wlm wmild he imt m there wmild lia\e nn need for them. I askeil 
him why he was cuttiiiL;- ihiwii all the trees, ami su-nesleil that lhe\ umild ]ir(ive a shelter to the 
|iris<iners fn>m the heat "f the sun at least. He made tliis re|il\ nr sdiiiethin^ similar In it: "That 
is just what 1 am L^niiiL^ tn (hi; I am l^oihl;' to Iniild a pen here that will kill more damned N'ankees 
th:in can he destroyed m the front." Idiese are \ery nearlv his words. 

A\'irz in his letter to Maj. Ceneral Wilson at Maeon. < ieorL;ia, declared, .ainl also introduccil at 
his trial "'riKit he was a too! in tlw hands of his superiors."! ;-■ ) Jeffersun |)a\is ct al, and who else? 




STOCKADE FROM N. W. CORNER. 

( Copy. ) 

Hea(l(|uarters Militar\- I'risnii 

AnikTsiiinillf. (la.. |ul\- 2~ . 181)4. 
The officers on duty in cliari^e of the I'attefv of l*"loi-iila .\rtiller\- 
at the time will tipon receuiiiL; notice that the eneni\- h.is appfoacheil 
witliiii se\en miles of this post. 

Open upon the stockade with grape shot, 

withoitt reference to the situation liexond these lines df defense. 

John ]l. Winder. 
Britradier (ieneral C'ommandnit'- t". S. .X. 




STOCKADE FROM S. W. CORNER. 



Testimony of Dr. F. G. Castlen C. S. A. 

||;ivc liccii 111 ( diifcilcniU' Anii> for tlic la^l twd \c;irs, tnmi May 
till SciitciiilnT. at An.kTsdiuilk-. 1 ( .cca-i. mall y ..'iscrvcd pris. )ikts m 
the stdckadc. Tlu-ir coiulilK ni w a •^ .IcplMriil ,K', lan-ua^x- ouiLl imt ux- 
]irc->s the rdnditioii iii wliicli I --aw llu'iii. 'I lie ^tencli was iiitnkTalilc. 
it s, iiiictiiiU's caiiH' 11)1 I" m\ lent a half iiiilc distant.. I h:i\c saw tlu- 
]irisciiRT. \\ ir/. I saw '>nc man Inltcn liy the dn.L^s. 1 >aw' the dnL,s 
sei/e linii. ('aiitiiiii \\ irz was there. 

The central post in the ;diti\e laeture shows the t>iist where 
"Kaiders" were luiii!..;. 





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LIZAEETH A. TURNER. 



Lizabeth A. Turner- 

ast Xalmnal I'l'c^iikMit Wimian's Kclii-f (_'i.)rp 
( 'iraml Anm ( il tlu- kc|iii1ilio. 

Life I'hairiiiaii AihKtm iii\ illc rrisiin Injard. 

I'ieil al AinkT^diuillc. A|ii'il jj, i')Oj. 



]-.rcctv>\ I)\- tlie W'linia.irs kelicf Curiis tc 

iiu-iiii iriali/o li(.-|- 

\\'iirl< 111 lialldw ill''" lliesc "Tininils. 




RHODE ISLAND. 



Kill i\\ 11 ileail 74. 




PENNSYLVANIA, 

'Death Before Dishonor' 

l\ii:i\\n (k-;i(l |N')_^. 




MICHIGAN. 



"In Memoriam." 



"Erected \>y tlic State i)f Micln-aii tn her suldiers and sad(.irs wlio 
were imiirisoned on these L;r(iund^ iX(i4 td iSdq." 




"Death Before Dishonor." 



I'.rccu'il liy iIk' ("(iininonweahh in memory 
if licr sdiis wlici (1k'(I at AiiikTsonvillc 1864-1865. 



KiKiwn ile.iil Son. 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



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Erected by tlio state of Illinois in grateful reniemlirance of the 
patriotic devotion oi her sons who suffered and died in the military 
prison at Andersonville, Georgia' iS()4-iS()5. 



Known <lead 0-4- 




CONNECTICUT. 



In nieniDi-y of the men of Connecticut who suffered in southern 
military prisons 1861-1865. 



Prisoners ilicd at Anilersonxille 306. 



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NATIONAL CEMETEKf FKOiVi AVtrMUE bu^-in. 

CiilinicI l\. }\. Cliiltoii ;Hl(lressr<l ;i re]ii>n as follnw-, hi ilu- Sccre- 
lar\- el War in tlu- l're>i(K'iU, Jt-t'fcr^i mi l)a\i>. Ahl^u^I iN. iS()4. 

"TIk- Cdnililiciii nf tlic pn'snii at Aiiik-rsdiu illc i-. a rcprdach t<i 
us as a Xation." 

Si-ned 
Assistanl Adjutant and lu>]n.-ctiM' ( Icncral. 

C". S. A. 



X.itioua! Ceuii.-lt'f\' Coutaius l''ii"t\- Ai 




NATIONAL CEMETERY FROM AVENUE NORTH. 



'J\'stiniiiii\' 

Kt-pwrl ..f ('Mldiicl n. j. (.'liandlci- (_'. S. A' 

Main'. — JO \ustcrilay — arc cartc(l (Hit ilail\- who ha\e ilicil from 
uiikiKiwn cau>c .and wlioin tlic im-(lu-;il iifliccr> li.aNC iK-xtr seen — the 
ik-.ad arc liaulcil nul d.aiK 1)\" tlic wa^ini load ami liuricil witliuut 
coffins. 

X(j snap ni" clothing' ha\c c\cr hccn issued. 

Signed 

A. D. and I. G. C. S. A. 




NATIONAL CEMETERY FROM SOUTH SIDE. 



Testimony of James K. Davidson. 

.Tames K. TlavicLsou, 4tli Iowa Cavalry, was a lirisoner at .-\ii liHisdiiviJIc frdiii .March. ISiM. 

Many prisoners died in the stockade. The hospital was then within the stockade; the dead men were carried on stretchers 
out to the gate, and from there they were hauled to the graveyard in wagons. Part of the time 1 was employed outside the stock- 
ade chopping wood, and part of the time driving a wagon froiu the hospital to the graveyard: I drove a wagon to the graveyard 
a little over a week, not two weeks, I think; there were two teams of us driving; we would each have from .")0 to 75 men per 
day; we would throw them in the wagon just as we would wood; sometimes there were 20 or 2.'i at a load; we drove the same 
wagons back to the stockade loaded — sometimes with wood for the prisoners, sometimes with rations. We would go by way 
of the depot sometimes and get rations in the same wagon which we carried dead bodies: those were the orders, I believe from 
the quartermaster or the man who had charge of the teams; I believe his name was Duncan; I think he was an officer; ho 
had charge of the cook-house. 

I have heard Captain W'irz say that he was killing more danmed Yankees there than l,ee was at K'chmond. That was 
said in August; he was in my wagon at the time; I had been to the graveyard with the dead men. 




NATIONAL CEMETERY, EAST SECTION. 



Testimony of C. 

Chmii's K, Smith Ipstifinl: 

I am ill llu- ser\icc of 111*- I'liiled fltiitPs. 1 lii'lont; fi> ('(imiiaiiy K. 
L'liil of Mii\-, IXCI, anil remaim'd till llip ll'tli ol St-ptembiT. 

1 saw four nien shot in thr stockadf. I saw ihrt-i. shot toj^ptl 
of them was killpil inslaiilly, anollu'r di'-d in alioiif an h 
was about the Kith of .liim-. I ilo noi know thi< nipn's nam 
sentinel fired. I saw a man shut on iIih noiili side ol the r 
of bread which some other man had tlimwii mit of his li; 



lib Initi'd States Cavalry. I went to Andersonville on the 



th.' (iiie ball takins effect en the three of them. One 

, and the tiiird died in about two days afterwards. I think that 

They were shot at tlie crenk by the sentinel on post. Only one 

kade. He was reaching under the deadline to pi(k up a inece 

r-sark. The sentinel slnil liim tKuu his post. 1 think this was 



ahiiiit the Inth cif May. 1 i;ot llii-n- a Neiy few days before. The man died instantly. 1 think llie man was in hi.s light mind, 
exce|Jt from star\ation and hunger. Captain Wirz was present at the first shooting The man was stooping at the dead-line 
for water, when Ca|itain Wirz told the sentry to fire at him. The sentinel hesitated and would not do it. Captain Wirz drew 
hi.? revolver and said to the sentinel that if he ilid not shoot them damned Yankees he would shoot liim. It was after that 
remark, by Captain Wirz. that the sentinel tired and hit these three men. 



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J)iies the- a|iulo;4ist (it W'irz and liis fellow ci )n^|iii-ator> think that the AnuM-u'an pediilc will c\ei' 
hectinic recunciled h.) the erectiim of a inonnnient to \\ iiv, whose onK claim for sneh honor is the 
record of the charnel house of Andersonx die '•' 

Is it reasonalile to ask the snr\i\inL;' I nion sohliers and their friends and svniiiathizers to 
remain silent in the face of the L;rossl\- imlnu' ni>ci-i|itions npcm the W nv niommient ? 

Report of Acting Assistant Surgeon T. J. Wells, C. S. A , in Charge of the Federal Sick and 

Wounded in the Stockade. 

■'The entire L^rounds are siiironnded li\ a irad t(_Miee. 1 he palienl^ and attendants, ne.arlv two 
thonsand m nnmhei', are ei'owded nUo this eonlined s]iaee and are lnu pooids- snpplied with old 
and ra!4i;"ed tents. l-ari;e nninher> of them are withoiu an\' hunks m the tents and lie upon the 
,L;ri)nnd, oftentimes without a blanket. Xo lieiN or straw ;ip])ear to ha\e keen furnished. The tents 
extend to within a few \ai'ds of the sni.all stream, the eastern jiortion of which, as we h;i\e liefori- 
saicl, is used as a ]ii"i\\' .and is loaded with excrements. 1 oliseiw ed a lai'i^e jiile of cornlireacl, hones 
and filth of all kinds, thii'tx' feet m ilianieter ;ind several feet in height, smarming with nnriads of 
tlies, in a xacant space near the |iots used for cooking. .Millions of dies sw.armed ii\er e\er\thing 
and covered the faces of the sleeping patients, crawled down their ojieii months and deposited their 
maggots in the gaugrenons wounds of the luing and in the nioulhs of the dead. Mos(|nit<ies in 
great munhers also infested the tents, .ainl in.ine ot the patients weri- sd stnng 1)\- the pestiferous 
insects that the\' resembled those sutiering with a slight attack of measles. 

"When a patient dies, he is siiupK- laid m a narrow street m front of his tent inUil he is re- 
moved b\- k'eder.al negroes detaileil to cariw oil the dead. If ,i p.itU'ul ilies during the night, he 
lies there niUil the morning, and e\en during the dav the dead wei'e fre(pientl\' allowed to remain 
for hours in these w;ilks- In the dead house the corpses lie upon the ground ;tnd in most cases arc 
covered with llith and \enuin. d'he air <if the tents was fmil and disagreeable in the extreme 
and, in fact, the entire grounds emitted a uKjst n.anseons and disgusting smell. 1 entered ne;irl\- all 
the tents and carefnllv examined the cases of interest. especialK those of g.angrene, upon numerous 
occasions during the ])athol(igical in(|inries at .\nders( iii\ die ;in<l therefore enio\e<l exere oj)por- 
tnnit\- to judge correcth' of the hxgieiie and |Hibce of the hospit.il. I h,a\e seen men brought in frmn 



the sliickailc in a ihiiii;" CDmlitMu, licL;rinu'il w itli their nwn cxcrcnu'iits, and ^n lilack friiin >niciki 
and fihli that thc\' rc^niilik'd ncL^riics I'ather than white iiK-n. This descnpt imi of the sinckadc aiK 
hospital has \m>\ lieen < >\ crdraw n, as \\ I'l appear fiami tlie re])(irt of the siirLj'eiin in eliar^e. ap 
peilded In tins report." 



Testimony of James Mahan, a Rebel Soldier. 

"1 lia\e heeii in thi' ( 'oiifederale ser\ace onlv as a private. I was afterward elected second 
lieiiteiiant in the riiinl ( ieorL;ia reserv'es. 1 had sonielhiHL; to do with pnlliiiL;^ chains on the pris- 
oiiei's. The ]irisoners \\ eri' l)ron:_;hi fia mi (.'aptam \\ iiv' heaihinartei's to the pr(i\(i marshal's oilice 
h\- a Lollard. The jiroxii marshal onlered me to lake charL;"e ol the .L;"nard n]i at the 1 ilack'sniith 
sh(i]i. I w(.'nl u]i there with the prisoners to take charL;e of the L;nar(l and to see also that the pris- 
oners ^ot their iron-, mi. .\ >erL;"eant of ('ajitaui \\ irz came o\'er with the prisoners from his ol'lice. 
It was to see that these men had halls and chains juit on tliem and linkeil toi.;ether with a sort of 
collar around their neck and a chain altacheil to it. I look" oxer thirteen men." 



Testimony of William M. Peebles, a Rebel Soldier at Andersonville, Detailed as a Clerk. 

"1 saw siweral men m the stocks. 1 ihd not learn their names, ddiex^ were federal ]irisoners. 
I was passing aronncl i.iie da\" dnriiiL;" a hard ram and 1 saw" a ])nsoner m the stiicks. Me 
seemed to he near drowning;'. I rode np and put an nmhrella oxer hnii. I passed ii]) to (/ai)tain 
W'irz' headi|narters and toM hmi that the i)nsoner xxas there and miL;Tl drown, lie remarked: 'Let 
him drown.' nsniL;" an (lath. Ills xxords as well a^ | renienihir were; 'Lei the damn ^';lnkee 
droxxn — I don't care.' It was dnriin,; a xeiw hard rain. The man's head was kiml of erect anil 
that xxas xxhat caused me to m.ake the report." 



Testimony of Rev. William John Hamilton. 

I\iw. William John llaimlton, a Catl'ohc c'erj;\'man, xisitt'd the ]irison in Max. 1X1)4. lie re- 
si<led in the s(iiith at the citx' of Macon, ( ia.. and \-olnntarilx' xxent to Andersonx'ille m pursuit (.if 
his ]iries|lx' (d'fice. Extracts from his testimonx folloxx: 



■'I am a pastnr of tlic I'allmlic cimrcli at MaciMi, (la. I \isitril Anilrrx nn illr llircc liiin-s. It 
was line nf tin.- niissinn^ atlaclied Im my cimrrh, I went tlieia-. 1 think, ni the nKmtli (if .Ma\. iS(i4. 
ami spent a ihi\- there. Ilie fulhiwiiiL; w eel< 1 went tliei'e ami >|ient thi'ee ila\> anmnL; ihi-' i>n>' 
(iners. ami then returned ami wiaile a i-e|iiii-t to my hisho]i npon ilu' eomhtion of the hii>]iilal aiii! 
stockaile. 

"The lifst ]iei-son 1 eiin\er^eil with oi' en.irin.L;- the ^loekaile wa^ a eountrxnian of mine, a 
memher of the (alhohe chnreh. I ihmk his naiiU' was karri,'!!. I fonm! Inm without a hat ami 
witliont ;. jaeket or eoai. lie tolil me liis slioe^ liail lieen taken from Inm on the liat t lefielil. 1 
fotinil the ]io\ snlferiiiL; \er\- mneli fnun a wonml on Ins i'iL;lit foot; m fact. i!ie foot wa^ s])lit ii])eii 
lil<e an ii\ster; ami on imininiiL; tlie eanse he tolil me tliat it wa> Ironi e'xposnfe to the stm in tlie 
stockaile. ami not from aii\- wounil recei\eil m liatlli.-. I took ott nu hoots ami .L;"a\e him a ]iair of 
SI H-|-;s (o ei i\ er liis feel ." 

[J. "(an \"ou sjH'.ik more part irnlarl ,■ as to tlie !ioili!\ eomhtioii of those nisitle the stockaile. 
their clotltnii;' anil the a]i]iearance of the men)'" 

.\. "Well, as I s.nil heforc, when I went there I was kept so lins|]\ (.■nL;a.L;cil m i;i\niL;' the sac- 
rament to the iKiH!,;- men that 1 coulil not ohserxe nmeh, hut of cmirse 1 coiilil not keep m\- exes 
closeil as to w h.at I saw there. I saw a i;real manx" men pi-rleetK naki'il. walking; ahout tlirouL;h the 
stockaile ]ierfectl\ mule; the\ seemeil to ha\e hist all res^aril lor ilehc;ic\ . shaiue. moralit\' or an\- 
thiiii.;^ else. I w onhl frei|uentl \' have to cree]i on m \ ha nils ainl knees into the holes iliat men hail 
liurroweil m the L;riiiiml ami stretch iii\self out al i in.L;siile them to hear tlu-ir confessions. 1 lounil 
them ;ihnost IniiiL; m \ ermm in thuse holes. They conhl not he m an\- other conihtion Init ;i filthy 
one. Iiecause the\' .l;"o1 uo soa]i ;iml no cham.;"e of clotlnui.;". ami wi-ia- theiX' all limhlleil n|i loi^ethei'. 
Ill .Li'iiiUL; ilow u one of the a\euues 1 counteil fi-oin fort\' to si\t\ ileail hoilies of those who hail ilieil 
(luriHL;" the mi^ht in the hospit;il. I h;i\e seen a person m the hiis]Mtal m a mule conilition — \)vr- 
fecth' nakeil. The\- were not miK co\i.'reil with onliuarv \erinin. hut with niaL;:-;ots. Tins was 
ill the latter jiart of May." 

Extracts of Evidence. 

"J'lie jiiilye ailvocate read to the court ;iml put it in exideiice — staling;' that he did so to show that 



the Rebel War l)cpartincnt at KiclinKMul was cognizant i)f the Cdinlitinn at Anilerscnnille ])ris(in — a 
letter, of which this is a cnjiy: 

"Hl<:Al)(jL'.\R'rh:KS GE()l-;(.l A Kh'.Sh'.RX'I'.S, Macon, (ia., .Ma\ (<. iS(,4: I'n.ler y.mr orders 
to inform inx^elf of the condition of the prison at AmlersmiN ilK — there are now ni the prison about 
12,000 in an are.i of less than eighteen acres, with a stockade arouinl it alioiit t'lfteen feet high. 1 ])re- 
sr.nie the character of the ]irison is well nn<lersto<Ml ;it Richmond, and therefore gi\e no description 
of It. The danger of the prisoners escaping is not so great as 1 supposed. 

" Idiere is .a fine stream within a few huinlred x'aials ol the present enclosure, across which, in niv 
o]iinion, there should he made another enclosure with sulTicient lios]iital liuildings. two stones high, 
to acconniK idate from eight hundred to a thousand jiatients. .*>iicli ,au enclosure as 1 would suggest 
woulil need .a fence of Ixiards ten feet high, ami would re(|uire 1 mt \'er\- few additmu.al guaials. ddie 
patients. u]ioii admisMon into the liospit.il. should he well washed and a ])o(]l ai'raugeil on the side 
of the stream, ;iud fui-nisheil (inl\- with a clean shirt, with which dress the\- would haialh' attempt 
ti> escape, and with fre(|uent roll calls tluw would he absent but a few hours before being detected, 
and would be re.idily caught b\ the dogs at hand for that purpose. K. J. I'^RI ) R I 1 )( . !■',. 

luidorsed : I hief .Surgeon ( ieoi-gia Reseiwes, 

.M.\j( )R l..\M.\R C( )R.l'., 

.\. .\. and ]. I i. (ieoriji.a Reseiwes, A!acon. ( l,a. 



Testimony of Nazareth Allen, a Rebel Soldier on Duty at Andersonville. 

"I ha\e seen the stocks, and seen men in theni ; I ha\e seen se\eral ])Ut in the stocks, and some 
ten or tweUe in the chain gang: I ku(W\' th;it one prisoner dieil in the ch.iin gang or stocks, 1 won't 
be certain which; but I think the stocks; I think it \\:is sometime in August iS(>_[. 1 do not know 
what his sickness wa'-; he a]ipeared to be sick' when 1 s.aw him; I <aw hiiu ouh' once or twice and 
afteiw\ards I saw him dead, 1 don't recollect h(W\-long afterward; I was passing there almost every 
da\- for se\er,il d.ays. 1 cannot s.i\ how long he was contined m the stocks; there \\ere se\era1 in 
the stocks; 1 <lo not know wky this man was placed in the stocks; I think it was for trying to escape. 



The st(.>ck^ were lictwccn Ca]it. W irz' hcuhiiiarU rs ainl ihv stcickadi.-. on tin- i-ciail a> vuu uonM take 
in .t^iiiiiL;' tn tlie ^tdckaile. 

The third speciticatii mi in \\ irz' trial ^\a^; 

Shooting to Death With a Revolver. 

The ,:;(! ,s|)ecitieati( m is sui)|]i .i-ted h_\- llie lestiniMn\ >.f (,(,■< ^ \\ . (,ra>. who state-, that ahont 
the ninhlle (if Septenil ht i S( 14 — lie and a e<niirade named W in. .Stewart, a pnsate liehinL;ini;' to a 
Mnmesdta re.L;'iiiient went nut nf the stnekade toearry a dead hndx'. and that al'ter laNini;- it 111 the 
clea<l lintise. the\- were on their \\a\ haek to the stoekade. when W irz ro<le up to them and asked: 
"I!y what aiithoritx' the\- were out there?" ddial .Stewart repHed. tluw wtM'e out there li\- pro]ier 
authority." \\ hereupon W irz drew his re\iil\er ;ind shot .Stewart. t!ie hall t.akiiiL; elTeet in his 
l)reast and k'llhniL;- him instantlx'; and that the L;uaril then took from his l>od\- some t\\ent\- or thirte 
tlollars. which W irz recei\'ed and then fode awa\. 



The Raiders ;is deserihi-'d li\' one of the ]irisouers was: "While we were in kiehuioUcl there 
were a nuniher of acknowledged thie\es, criminals, and liouut w-iumpeis, who h;id deserted tlie 
Rehel arm\ . The Keliels did not want them, hut were holdini^" them there. After we liad l)eeii in 
Audersom ille a fe\\' da\s the\- lirou.L;iit these men down and put tliem o\i'r 011 the soutli sidi' of the 
creek to themse]\es. They immediately hei^'au preyin.t;- on us. ddiesc noted thiexes staved in a little 
luinch to themseKes. and we older ])risoners knew them. d'hee commenced to umnler and roli 
the ]irisoncrs. when in Jul\-. on the third, their arrest was couimenci-il. and after trial lie ;i court 
martial. li\' a juiw of thirteen seri^'eants selected from the iiewlx' arrixi-d prisoners, with .all dne 
form of militar\- law, ^\ere condemned and execttteil on the ele\x-uth da\ of |nl\. d his w.as done 
\>y the ])ermissiou of t'a])tain W'irz. he Ljii.ardiui.;' the mar:iuders dnriiiL;' tlu'ir tri.al ;iiid clelixeriuL;^ 
them to their executioners on the ila\- set." 

"Unsealing of the Spring," by Rev. John L. Maile. 

"On Fridav morniiiL;-. AuL^aist the twelfth, an ominous stillness ]ier\,aded n.attire. i'i\- the middle 
of the forenoon a dense, flark cloud was noticed in the soiitliwest (|ii.irter of the horizon- slowly 
creeping' upward. It was aho\c the tree to]is. majestic and awful in ai)])earance. .\ troupe of 



small, sciiri-yin,L;', aii.i;r\- lodkint;' clduds seemed tn furm an achaneiiiL;" Ime to the \ast mass of storm 
elciiiil. The cmwaial m(i\eiiiein (|uickeiieil, and sduii tlie fii >nt ( if the iiKiuiUam (if aiipn lacliiiiL;' eh >uds 
assumed a •j;y;[v apiieai-anee, eaused li\ the miL;hty dii\\n|Hiur nf water wliicli. iiKH'e nearly than any- 
thing; else, seemed a ciintnumns ch mdlmrst . I'l'ashes of thunder Inaikc (>\er nur heads, and Hashes 
nf h,L;'htnin,i; swished .aninnd as if the air was filled with slmrt ciremts. The .awful mci\in;;- wall came 
toward ns rapnlK .ind we nnderstiMid what was hapiiemui;. The im>;hty delude swept the eleariuL;' 
west nf the prison; the sw.amp w.as <|nickl\- filled with L;reat. swirling" eddies which m ;i few- 
minutes hecamc swullen into the dimensions of a ruer; driftwiiod Imre down u]>ou the stock-ade, 
cansmt;" it to L;i\"e ;iw'a\' with a niiL;ht\' crash; the he.avw timhers were whirled ;icross the ]irisou ;is 
if the\- h.iil heeii straws, and li\ the force of the im]i,act ciirried ,aw.a\' the rear stock;iik\ from the 
tir.attenes solid shot were hred over our Iie.ads. the I'o.ar of the ,L;uns chinmij; h.arnioniousU with the 
ihnndenu!.;- (if the storm. So L^reat w.as Us lury that we lelt th;it it must end or it would soon end 
us. hortuiiatcK' it ceased as suddenU as it c;inie, the sun Imrst forth with ;iu unwonted \i,L;or and 
shone with l)rilli;int effect uiion the recedniL;" r.aiu. 1 mmeili.ately after this antiplKnial outlmrst a 
N'oice w.as he.ird from the north L;ate. rin_L;anL;- out in cle;ir tones the thnlliui;- wurds; 'A spriUL;" ! ,\. 
spriiiL;-' \ s]iriu<; lias lirokcn (Hit.' As soon as (i]>] lortumt)" allorded we ]iressed our wax" to the 
-,|)ot :iuil there, just helow" the north L;ate lu the center of the space between the stockade imd the 
(kad line, :it the point where the earth was most deepK' e\ca\:ited, the slojiiuL;" surface had leath- 
ered the waters of the llood. The liottom of the trench w.as lorn up sinne tweut\- inches, iiiiC(i\- 
eruiL;" the \eiil of a stiruiL;" of purest ciwstal water, which sluit up iul(i the ;iir in a column, f;illin,L;' m 
;i fan-like spr;i\ aiul li.aliMmL; down the ^rade into the iKixious hroiik. l.ookiUL;" across the dead line 
we hehehl, with woudenuL; exes ;iu(l L;rateful he.iils, the louut;im s|irinL;." 



Testimony of Fhilip Cashmyer. 

■■{•(ir the last four x e;irs I w.as detectixe under < iener;d Winder. 1 w.as x\ ith ( ieneral Winder 
from the time he commenced his duties as |ii-(i\dst marshal until he died. I xx;is his special coti- 
hdential detectixe. 



"W t'll, my clutic^ were: .\n\ nn]iiii't;mt matters siicli as ik-trcti \ cs lia\t- tn alti'iid li>. I at 
teii(k-il to fur liim, sucli as cxammiiiL; ])nsi)iKT^ and makint; i-cports npcm tluMii ami matters of that 
sni't. I was admitted tn liis family, also. The relations existing;- lietween Inm and Mr. jelTerxni 
l)a\is were \ er\ friendU indeed, \ei-\ ci inlidential I often lieaial (ienei'al W nider sa\- so. 1 often 
saw hnn eonie and l;'o fi'om there. 1 rememhei" when an eltort was made 1)\ (.enerals Ura^L; and 
kansoni to h,i\e liim renio\ed, Mr. |)a\is — President I 'axis — was his special friend. When the 
order rehexiiiL;' < leneral Winder came from the war department he took it and went np to Mr. 
l)a\is. The onler was one rehexim,; him from dm\ in kichnioiid. Ik- took it and went o\er 
to see ['resident l)a\is, and he indorseil on it, as well as 1 can recollect, that it was 'entireU 
nnnecessar\- and uncalled for.' ,\fter that keneral Winder was sent to ( mldsl loro, X. ('.. to take the 
fiehl. lie was there a week or two and an <;iiler (■ame for hnn to l;o to .\iidersoii\ ilk- and take 
command there. Ills jiowers were not exteiuk-d for some months ;ifier that : the\ were then. TheN 
made him commissioner L;"eneral — coiiimissarx L;eneral of prisoiu-rs. 'I'hex called him commissioner 
L;"eneral .\s well as I can recollect, the order sending; W . S. Winder to AiKiersoiu ille to la\- 
out the ]irison came from the war de]iartmeiit, ( ieneral Winder desired to send hnn, and the war 
department sanctioned it. I saw the son l;o with the general ilown to tin- war de]iartinent and 
come from there. " 



Confederate States of America, Surgeon General's Office. 

kikl kM( )\'l ), \"a.. .Vn.-iist ii. iS(i4. — Sir; TIu- tielil of jiatlnilo- ical in \ estii;ation afforded l)\- 
the lars;e collection of keileral ]irisoners in (ieorL;ia is of i;re:it extent and import.-mce. .ind it is 
hehexed that results of x.ilne to the ]irofession ma\- he ohtamed li\ a careful iii\ est i^at ion of the 
effects of disease upon a lari^e liod\ of men sulijected to ;i decideil cli:inL;e of chm.ite and the cir- 
cumstances ])ecnliar to prison life. The siirtieon m cli.-iri4'e of the hospital for 1-ederal |irisoiu-rs, 
toi^ether with his assistants, will .-iffcn-d e\er\ facilit\- to .Snri^eon loiies m the prosi-cut ion ot his 
l.iliors ordered l)\ the snrL;eon general. k.lticient assistance must In- rendered Suri_;eon Jones hy 
the medical officers, not miK m his examinations into the causes and s\in|itoms of the various dis 
eases, luit especialh in the ariluous labors of post mortem examm.itions. The medic.il ollicers will 



assist ill llu' iieii'iinnancc nf sucli pust iiKirtcms as Siiri^ci 'ii Jmics ina\- imlicate. in unlei- that this 
E^rcat liclil tif iialliiil<i;^ical in \ est iL;atH )n may l>e expli ired fur the l)encfit of the medical depart- 
mem iif the ('(nifederate arm\ . S. I'. M(_)()l\h'., Sur^enn ( ieneral. 

si'K(;h:( )X ISAIAH II. w iirrK, 

In Chari^e of Hospital for h\Mler;i] I 'risouei's at Andersom ille. 



Keader. can \ on imlnl^e the tlioni;lit lliat jelferson haxis and his colmrts were not ]ierfectly 
aware of the cciiidilion and horrors of the charnel honse stockade pi'ison at Andeisi jn \ ilK-, when his 
more hnmane officials re|)orted to him that the < 'onfederate militar\- prison at Andersonxille "is a 
(lisij'race to us as a nation .•'" 



Testimony of Dr. G. L. Rice, C. S. A. 

Extract: "I was on dnly at Andersons die from aliont August i, iSfq. until ahout the middle of 
March, iS(i3. I saw the hounds at Amlersou \ die almost e\er\- <la\-. I know that at one time when 
I was lixin^;" in a little tent 1 lost m\' pockethook ; the hounds \\ere l>rou,L;"ht and ]iut on the 
track: that w:is :i few da\s after I s;(it there. 1 saw them nearl\- e\er\ da\ after that. I one da} saw 
a man who was lorn hy them. lie was knocked u]i \er\ li:idl_\. llis skm was not torn hut \a:m 
coulil see the hliie marks of the print of the iloi^s' teeth. I happeneil to he i)assinL;' Captain W'irz' 
headi|uarters ;iliont thai time, ddiey hrouiiht the man u]) ami I :isked someone what was the matter 
with him. lie conld hardly walk, ami seeme(l to he hent o\er, from the elf'ects of the scurvv, I 
presumed. I sodn found tli;it he h:id m.ide his escape the m,i;ht pre\ious ami lunl hcen hron,L;iU in 
hy the man who had the doi;s — h;id heeii cau.L^ht hy them. I saw the marks of teeth on the man's 
llesh. I h,a\e no idea wh.at the nioulh was. ddie man w;is nearh naked; he had iiothini^- on hut a 
shirt, I think. Thex told me he had ha<l his clothes torn ofi' li\- the do-s : that he attemiited to 
cdimh a tn'c and that the do.L^s pulled him down. I s.iw I \s o .lead hodies there .luring;- the time I 
was on duty, one m the stockade ;ind one m the hospU;il. Mdie one m the hos])ital w:is shot 
throu-li the hre.ast: another w:is a poor crippled m.an who w.alke.l up to the ]>alinLi- and the sentry 
sliol him. 



AXUEKSOXVILLK, (_ia.. May 7, 1863.— (ieiieral : It is with -real reluctance that 1 a(hhi.->s 
y<ni these lines, heini:;' full\' aware how littk' time is left \i<u to attend tn such matters as 1 now 
have the honor to lay before you, ami if I coulil see any othei' wa\' to accomplish inv ohiect 1 would 
not intrude upon you. i am a uatue of S\\ it/erl,ind and liefore the war was a cili/en of Louisiana, 
and hy ])rofession a physician. Like hundreds ;iiid thousands of others. I was carried away hv the 
maelstrom of excitement and joined the .Southern ai'my. 1 was \er\- seriousK wounded ;it the hattle 
of Se\en h'ines, X'irgima, and ha\e nearly lost the use of m\- ri.L;ht arm. I'ntit for held dutv, I was 
ordered to report to Mrevet Major ( ieneral jcilin II. Winder, m char,i:;e of h'ederal prisoners of war. 
who ordere<l me to take chars^e of a ])rison at Tuscaloosa. .Ma. Mv health failint;- me, 1 ai)])lied for 
a furlough and went to Europe, \vn\u whence I returned in i-'ehruary, 1X04. I was then ordered to 
report to the commandant of the military i)rison at .\nderson\ ille, (ia., who assigne<l me to the com- 
mand of the interior of the prison. The duties I ha<l to ])erform were arduous and unpleas.ant, and 
J am satisfied that no man or will justly Itlame me for the things that happened there, and 
which were hexond m\ ])ower to control. 

1 do not think that I ought to he held responsible for the shortness of rations, for the over- 
crowded state of the iirisou (which was itself .a prolific source of fearful mortality), for the inad- 
equate su])plies of clothing, want of shelter, etc.. etc., still, 1 now he.ir the odium. ;ind men who 
were prisoners ha\e seemed disposed to wreak their vengeance upon me for what tliev have suf- 
fered — I. who was onl\- the medium, or. as I might better sa\-, the tool in the hands of mv supe- 
riors. This is my condition. I am a man with a familv. T lost all mv i)r(>perlv when the h'ederal 
army besieged \icksburg. I have no mone\ at jiresent to go to auv ](l;ice. .and e\en if 1 had, I 
know of no idace where I can go. .M \ life is m il.anger. ami 1 most res])ect full v ask of yon hel]) 
and relief. If you will be so generons as t<! give nu- sunie sort of a safe conduct, or. wh.it \ would 
greatly prefer, a guard to jirotect m\self and famih- a<;ainst violence. I should be thankful to you: 
and yon may rest assured your protection will not be given to one whn is unwortlu of it. My 
irtention is to return with my family to luiroiie. as soon as T can make the arr.angement s. fu the 
meantime, T have the honor, general, to remain, verv res|)Cctfull v, \our obedient servant, 
:\L\J()U (il'.XI-.RAL J. iL \\ILS(.)X' V. .S. A.. ' ' 1 1. W IRZ. Laptain. L. .S. .\. 

Lommanding Macon. Ga- 



UtL Zd laiJ 



111 (iiiidwiii Sinitli's '■ KcmnnM.'ciicc^," ] uilili'^lu-il m .\K-( "lure's fur Sc] iteinl icr. i<)i<i. :ii'c finiiiil 
smilc I il isci"\ati( Ills (if tlic (nil war. lie liad JK-eii fur idrU' \ears ( nic i if llic furciiicisi iJiinkcTs <il 
X'lirtli \nuTu;aii srlnijars. ( if ]ins(iii life ihiniiL;' the war, Xnrtli and Sniitli. lie said; 

"It seeine<l tn me llial in tile Xiirtli, L^eiierallw tliere was a reinarkalile aliseiiee cif tnienleiiee. 
I lie deteniiinatK 111 was lixed tn snlidne tlu' Smitli and resture the I'mmi. Iliil I heani few expres- 
sHiiis (il thirst f(ir re\"enL;"e, siieh as were heard the cither da\ fniin the l(i\"alists <if ('aiie Tciwii. I'ris- 
iiiiers (i| war weix' well treated. I \ isited the ]iris(!ii at (diicaj4'ci and saw that Us inmates were well 
fed and were snlteriiiL;- im hardships liexniid that nf e< nihiienient. If tluw die<l under miprisc ninieiit it 
was as the ea^de dies. I \isiti.'il tlu' ]iris( niers' hospital at 1 '.al tiiiii ire, went thrnnL^h e\er\ |iart i if it, 
ami satished in\self that the Ireatmeiit was l^cmmI. M \- \isit was iinainu iiineed. < »n ddiaiik'sL;a\aiiL;- 
da\" the talile was s]irea(l with the <^nn,\ thiiiL^s nf the seasim. I rec n'd this ;is an answer In the 
chai\L;es uf eruelt\' rife at the time in l''iiL;"lan<l. It was the nmre iinlahle as the treatment nf l'"eil- 
eral piasoners in snnie nf the ( nnfederale priscins was kaidwii t<i he inhuman. In the .\ ndei'si in\ ille 
prisdii it was de\ilish and siudi as im want iif ns(iui-ces (in llu- ]iart nf the captnrs eniild excuse. 
I saw the lirst hatch (if pris(iners ,at .\nn,i]i( dis excliaiiLjed frnm Vndersc nn die. TIkw were luaiiL;" 
skeletiins. X'd laws (i| war can warrant the (knent k m nf prisdners wIkuii a captm" cimidt feed. 
'riie\- (iUL;'ht til ln' released (in p.arnle." 



M(ire died in this pris(in df tin.' Sdiilh in fmir nauiihs than died in the tweiitv-lhe ])risdns in the 
Xnrth duriiii.;- the entire \e,ar df lS(i4. 



Ille niiinuineiit l(i \\ ir/ ma\" stand with its misleadinj,;' and fals(.- inscrijit k nis ; the children in 
the schddls (if the sduth ma\' he taipL;'lit. .as the N'dUiii.;" lad\- infdrmed ( leiieral Ixetchain that they 
were lieini.;- tanL;"lil. Iniw atriiCKius was the Cdiiduct df the rilKiii dfticers .ami Ikiw humane and just 
was the Cdiiduct nf the L'diifederate nlficers. hut the truth df liistdr\- can ne\er he etlaced. 



"Wild tasted death at e\ery lireath. 
And lira\el\- met their martxrddin." 



H^i3 78 596 












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